City Higher-Income Low-Income
x Inter. x Inter.
Calgary −1.23a 1.76a 14.6a 0.158 −2.08a 5.45a 21.4a 0.323
Edmonton 0.272 4.37a 9.25a 0.478 −1.95a 8.81a 20.3a 0.602
Halifax −0.483 3.64a 10.5a 0.403 −3.61a 7.47a 21.5a 0.491
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo 0.719a 2.18a 2.97a 0.521 −0.963 5.55a 15.4a 0.498
London −0.418 2.68a 4.83a 0.479 −1.70a 8.75a 17.7a 0.720
Montreal −0.469 12.0a 23.8a 0.704 −6.78a 18.7a 36.2a 0.729
Ottawa–Gatineau −2.41a 3.19a 19.3a 0.368 −3.53a 9.64a 27.4a 0.509
Quebec −0.0747 5.36a 10.8a 0.573 −2.67a 8.35a 21.8a 0.535
Toronto–Hamiltonb −0.653a 12.0a 21.6a 0.685 −7.02a 21.7a 36.5a 0.677
Vancouver −0.610 8.33a 17.6a 0.622 −5.20a 13.9a 32.6a 0.664
Winnipeg −0.478 4.38a 11.8a 0.511 −2.41a 8.59a 25.3a 0.499