Variable Description Full Sample Mean
Vehicle ownership outcomes of interest (dependent variables)
carless 1 if household has no owned or leased vehicles during one or more quarters of the sample year 0.046
vehicles total number of owned or leased vehicles per household 2.17
Covariates
COVID 1 if in sample on/after March 2020 0.376
family_size household size 2.524
employed_frac proportion workers out of total household size 0.571
d_urb 1 if urban resident 0.928
d_apt 1 if apartment dweller 0.134
totexp_real inflation-adjusted yearly household expenditure (2021 USD) 45,539
totexp2 square of totexp_real 3.6E+09
Household groups
minority 1 if reference person is non-White 0.150
young 1 if reference person is 25 years or younger 0.022
low-income 1 if household is in bottom two deciles of household expenditures 0.200
mid-income 1 if household is in middle expenditure deciles 0.800
high-income 1 if household is in top two deciles of household expenditures 0.200