Outcome		Inside LTNs (A)	LTN boundary roads (B)	Surrounding area: Outside LTNs, <500m from boundary (C)	Outside LTNs (D)
First engine time	Number of incidents pre / post	3382 / 1538	2457 / 950	11,715 / 5177	73,100 / 34,191
	Mean response time (SE) in seconds, pre	294 (2.0)	273 (2.4)	296 (1.1)	313 (0.5)
	Mean response time (SE) in seconds, post	280 (2.7)	260 (3.5)	286 (1.6)	303 (0.7)
	Change in seconds (SE), post minus pre	-14 (2.2)	-13 (2.4)	-10 (1.6)	-11 (1.1)
	p-value for difference vs ‘Surrounding area’ (C)	p=0.39	p=0.61
	p-value for difference vs ‘Outside LTNs’ (D)	p=0.43	p=0.67
Second engine time	Number of incidents pre / post	1291 / 633	858 / 346	4635 / 2195	30,595 / 14,961
	Mean response time (SE) in seconds, pre	372 (3.6)	354 (5.0)	370 (1.9)	392 (0.8)
	Mean response time (SE) in seconds, post	351 (5.3)	340 (6.9)	359 (2.7)	379 (1.1)
	Change in seconds (SE), post minus pre	-21 (3.0)	-14 (3.4)	-10 (2.1)	-13 (1.4)
	p-value for difference vs ‘Surrounding area’ (C)	p=0.13	p=0.73
	p-value for difference vs ‘Outside LTNs’ (D)	p=0.26	p=0.98