Domain Outcome Control group Emergency LTN Mini-Holland LTN Other active travel infrastructure
No. observations 1,049 66 62 252
‘Healthy streets’ scores Cycling perception score (4 items) 0 0.43 (0.25, 0.61)*** 0.53 (0.38, 0.68)*** 0.40 (0.31, 0.50)***
Non-cycling perception score (10 items) 0 0.00 (-0.11, 0.12) 0.07 (-0.06, 0.20) 0.02 (-0.04, 0.09)
General perception score (14 items) 0 0.12 (0.00, 0.24)† 0.18 (0.07, 0.30)** 0.12 (0.06, 0.18)***
% favourable for individual ‘healthy streets’ items Traffic safety, cycling [c] [r] 1 1.90 (1.36, 2.65)*** 2.32 (1.74, 3.11)*** 1.66 (1.35, 2.05)***
Safety for an 8-year-old, cycling [c] 1 1.61 (0.97, 2.68)† 1.95 (1.23, 3.10)** 1.53 (1.15, 2.04)**
Lanes, routes or paths, cycling [c] 1 1.70 (1.49, 1.93)*** 1.90 (1.71, 2.11)*** 1.76 (1.62, 1.93)***
Pleasant area, cycling [c] 1 1.74 (1.33, 2.28)*** 1.93 (1.54, 2.43)*** 1.54 (1.30, 1.82)***
Traffic safety, walking [nc] [r] 1 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) 1.08 (0.98, 1.19)
Safety for an 8-year-old, walking [nc] 1 1.12 (0.74, 1.71) 1.44 (1.01, 2.05)* 1.11 (0.88, 1.40)
Good quality pavements, walking [nc] 1 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) 0.97 (0.85, 1.11)
Pleasant area, walking [nc] 1 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) 0.94 (0.77, 1.14) 0.97 (0.88, 1.07)
Places to go locally, walking [nc] 1 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) 1.17 (1.10, 1.26)*** 1.01 (0.95, 1.08)
Safe crossing points, walking [nc] 1 1.19 (0.99, 1.43)† 1.01 (0.81, 1.27) 1.02 (0.90, 1.15)
Places to stop and rest [nc] 1 1.06 (0.79, 1.42) 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) 1.04 (0.88, 1.22)
Sufficient shade and shelter [nc] 1 0.92 (0.59, 1.43) 0.90 (0.57, 1.45) 0.81 (0.63, 1.05)
Crime-related safety [nc] [r] 1 1.00 (0.76, 1.30) 0.89 (0.67, 1.18) 1.00 (0.87, 1.14)
Air pollution from motor traffic [nc] [r] 1 0.67 (0.36, 1.24) 0.65 (0.34, 1.24) 0.97 (0.74, 1.28)
Stop and talk to other people 1 1.48 (1.16, 1.88)** 1.29 (1.01, 1.66)* 0.91 (0.76, 1.08)